Python Cheat Sheet

Explore key concepts, syntax, and usage examples for Python — perfect for quick reference.

Resource
Online Related
String
String Methods
File
Methods Attributes
Set & Mapping
Set Types Mapping Types
Date Time
Date Object Datetime Object Time Object
Array
Array Methods Indexes and Slices
  • a=[0,1,2,3,4,5]
  • 6
  • len(a)
  • a[0]
  • 5
  • a[5]
  • 5
  • a[-1]
  • 4
  • a[-2]
  • [1,2,3,4,5]
  • a[1:]
  • [0,1,2,3,4]
  • a[:5]
  • [0,1,2,3]
  • a[:-2]
  • [1,2]
  • a[1:3]
  • [1,2,3,4]
  • a[1:-1]
  • Shallow copy of a
  • b=a[:]
Math
Number Theoretic Power and Logarithmic Trigonometric Functions Angular Conversion Hyperbolic Functions Constants
  • math.pi
    💡 The mathematical constant π = 3.141592..., to available precision.
  • math.e
    💡 The mathematical constant e = 2.718281..., to available precision.
Random
Functions
Sys
Sys Variables
  • argv
    💡 Command line args
  • builtin_module_names
    💡 Linked C modules
  • byteorder
    💡 Native byte order
  • check_-interval
    💡 Signal check frequency
  • exec_prefix
    💡 Root directory
  • executable
    💡 Name of executable
  • exitfunc
    💡 Exit function name
  • modules
    💡 Loaded modules
  • path
    💡 Search path
  • platform
    💡 Current platform
  • stdin, stdout, stderr
    💡 File objects for I/O
  • version_info
    💡 Python version info
  • winver
    💡 Version number
sys.argv
  • foo.py
  • sys.argv[0]
  • bar
  • sys.argv[1]
  • -c
  • sys.argv[2]
  • qux
  • sys.argv[3]
  • --h
  • sys.argv[4]
OS
os Variables
  • altsep
    💡 Alternative sep
  • curdir
    💡 Current dir string
  • defpath
    💡 Default search path
  • devnull
    💡 Path of null device
  • extsep
    💡 Extension separator
  • linesep
    💡 Line separator
  • name
    💡 Name of OS
  • pardir
    💡 Parent dir string
  • pathsep
    💡 Patch separator
  • sep
    💡 Path separator
Class
Special Methods
  • __new__(cls)
  • __lt__(self, other)
  • __init__(self, args)
  • __le__(self, other)
  • __del__(self)
  • __gt__(self, other)
  • __repr__(self)
  • __ge__(self, other)
  • __str__(self)
  • __eq__(self, other)
  • __cmp__(self, other)
  • __ne__(self, other)
  • __index__(self)
  • __nonzero__(self)
  • __hash__(self)
  • __getattr__(self, name)
  • __getattribute__(self, name)
  • __setattr__(self, name, attr)
  • __delattr__(self, name)
  • __call__(self, args, kwargs)
String Formatting
Formatting Operations
  • 'd'
    💡 Signed integer decimal.
  • 'i'
    💡 Signed integer decimal.
  • 'o'
    💡 Signed octal value.
  • 'u'
    💡 Obsolete type – it is identical to 'd'.
  • 'x'
    💡 Signed hexadecimal (lowercase).
  • 'X'
    💡 Signed hexadecimal (uppercase).
  • 'e'
    💡 Floating point exponential format (lowercase).
  • 'E'
    💡 Floating point exponential format (uppercase).
  • 'f'
    💡 Floating point decimal format.
  • 'F'
    💡 Floating point decimal format.
  • 'g'
    💡 Floating point format. Uses lowercase exponential format if exponent is less than -4 or not less than precision, decimal format otherwise.
  • 'G'
    💡 Floating point format. Uses uppercase exponential format if exponent is less than -4 or not less than precision, decimal format otherwise.
  • 'c'
    💡 Single character (accepts integer or single character string).
  • 'r'
    💡 String (converts any Python object using repr().
  • 's'
    💡 String (converts any Python object using str()
  • '%'
    💡 No argument is converted, results in a '%' character in the result.
Date Formatting
Date Formatting
  • %a
    💡 Abbreviated weekday (Sun)
  • %A
    💡 Weekday (Sunday)
  • %b
    💡 Abbreviated month name (Jan)
  • %B
    💡 Month name (January)
  • %c
    💡 Date and time
  • %d
    💡 Day (leading zeros) (01 to 31)
  • %H
    💡 24 hour (leading zeros) (00 to 23)
  • %I
    💡 12 hour (leading zeros) (01 to 12)
  • %j
    💡 Day of year (001 to 366)
  • %m
    💡 Month (01 to 12)
  • %M
    💡 Minute (00 to 59)
  • %p
    💡 AM or PM
  • %S
    💡 Second (00 to 61?)
  • %U
    💡 Week number1 (00 to 53)
  • %w
    💡 Weekday2 (0 to 6)
  • %W
    💡 Week number3 (00 to 53)
  • %x
    💡 Date
  • %X
    💡 Time
  • %y
    💡 Year without century (00 to 99)
  • %Y
    💡 Year (2008)
  • %Z
    💡 Time zone (GMT)
  • %%
    💡 A literal "%" character (%)